Sociolinguistics
fahime farazmand; Aliasghar Soltani; mohamad javad hejazi
Abstract
The higher education system of any country is one of the most important institutions because it trains the forces that take charge of the administration of the country, so wrong policies in this institution can cause serious damage to the country. One of these wrong approaches to science that has entered ...
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The higher education system of any country is one of the most important institutions because it trains the forces that take charge of the administration of the country, so wrong policies in this institution can cause serious damage to the country. One of these wrong approaches to science that has entered Iran's higher education in recent decades is the quantitative and economic view of science and the commercialization of knowledge. This research aims to show how the economic and commercial view of science is reflected in their speeches by examining the metaphor of science/knowledge in the speeches of three presidents. In terms of theoretical and methodological framework, this research is based on Lakoff and Johnson (1998) and Chartres-Black (2004). The results of the data analysis show that Mahmoud Ahmadinejad used more metaphorical discourse in his speeches compared to the other two presidents. Also, the conceptual fields of goods, place, and travel are the most frequently used conceptual fields as the origin of metaphors in the body of reference. The field of origin "goods" is the most frequently known field with 78% of the statistics extracted from conceptual metaphors. In addition, the prominence of the commercial and economic view of science in the speeches of all three presidents shows the mentality that has led to the current awkward situation in universities.
Sociolinguistics
zohreh Shahrestani; Seyyed Ali Asghar Soltani; Seyyed Abdolmajid Tabatabaee
Abstract
The representation of gender in male and female narratives and the use of conceptual metaphors and the schemas used by them in narratives have differences that indicate mental, spiritual, and cognitive differences. The purpose of this study is to examine the narratives of male and female authors to determine ...
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The representation of gender in male and female narratives and the use of conceptual metaphors and the schemas used by them in narratives have differences that indicate mental, spiritual, and cognitive differences. The purpose of this study is to examine the narratives of male and female authors to determine the extent of gender influences in the use of conceptual metaphors and schemas based on the theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The research method of the article is qualitative content analysis. Eight war-themed stories, including four female- and four male narratives, were examined, resulting in about 3,021 metaphors. The results obtained from data analyses showed that in the works of female writers, the highest number of metaphors is related to ontological metaphor and the lowest is related to directional metaphor, while in the works of male narrators, the highest number of metaphors were structural and the lowest were directional. This difference in the use of metaphors in women compared to men indicates their attitude and ability or desire to objectify abstract concepts. The results of the research show that the above method can be a suitable method for narrative analyses from the point of view of critical analyses of metaphor in the literature of Holy Defense, because schemas, on the one hand, represent linguistic constructions and, on the other hand, indicate the formation of mental images as a result of conceptualization.
Discourse Analysis
Mina Mahdikhani; Seyed Ali Asgar Soltani; Hossein Eskandari
Abstract
Discursive psychology considers body as a construct of discourse, and discourse is action-oriented in this approach. The increasing number of cosmetic surgeries in the country and its consequent risks, changed the study of the beauty phenomenon and its new concept into a serious problem. Therefore, the ...
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Discursive psychology considers body as a construct of discourse, and discourse is action-oriented in this approach. The increasing number of cosmetic surgeries in the country and its consequent risks, changed the study of the beauty phenomenon and its new concept into a serious problem. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study warrants in Iranian female’s discourse based on discursive psychology approach. This analytic theoretical approach focuses on speech and writing and considers the understanding of psychological phenomenon in the social context possible. This study is qualitative, and the data were analyzed based on Ruth Wood Dock’s (1985) warrants and Talmin's (1995) model. The data were collected from blogger's interviews and lives on Instagram. The interviewees are ten female bloggers between twenty to thirty from homogeneous areas in Tehran. The results confirm that the female body and the embodied identity are produced, understood and validated through simple and everyday practices and human physics plays an essential role in formation of myself or identity. The use of warrants such as being beautiful, making money and buisiness success in the bloggers' discourse is a guarantee for the realization of appreciation of the operated body, complaining about the current body and accepting responsibility for surgeries.
Language & Media
Tina Chaharsoughi Amin; Ali Asghar Sultani; Mohammadjavad Hejazi
Abstract
The speech delivered by Iran Islamic Consultative Assembly Members is one of the most effective means they employ to get the MP’s to approve or reject the proposals made in the parliament. One way to convince the audience in a discursive process is to resort to argumentation. If argumentation, ...
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The speech delivered by Iran Islamic Consultative Assembly Members is one of the most effective means they employ to get the MP’s to approve or reject the proposals made in the parliament. One way to convince the audience in a discursive process is to resort to argumentation. If argumentation, as a key point in the rhetoric to achieve the highest degree of persuasion, deviates from the path of reasoning, recourse will be made to fallacy. This study examined persuasive topoi in the for and against speeches delivered during parliamentary proposal review and vote of confidence sessions for the proposed cabinet of Iran twelfth government. To this end, instances of robust arguments replaced by fallacies were identified by means of rhetorical sophistications. The findings show that although the use of such devices as magnifying, minimizing, highlighting, and marginalizing may lead to the initial and immediate persuasion of the audience, this would not guarantee the eligibility of the ministers who win parliament's approval during the vote of confidence process.
Language & Media
S.A. Soltani; Z. Karami
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 9-20
Abstract
Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field that can provide a linguistic perspective of society and culture. One of the important domains of popular culture is popular songs which have not been seriously studied so far from a sociolinguistic viewpoint in Iran. The lyrics of these songs are reflections ...
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Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field that can provide a linguistic perspective of society and culture. One of the important domains of popular culture is popular songs which have not been seriously studied so far from a sociolinguistic viewpoint in Iran. The lyrics of these songs are reflections of the folklore in every society which makes their study worthwhile. Although such songs may have different themes but love has always been one of the key concepts and recurring themes in these songs. This study tries to find out how concept of love has been defined and reflected in the songs in the course of history. And more specifically, it tries to discover the chains of equivalence and the differences that are made along with them in these songs. To meet this end, from the perspective of Ernesto Lacalua and Chantal Mouffe’s post-structural discourse theory, specifically through their two concpets, ie chain of equivalence and chain of difference, it focuses on 16 Iranian love songs which were randomly chosen from among those songs performed by both male and female singers in between the years 1971 to 1979. The results show that the songs have availed from “the presence of nature”, “reference to the past”, “immortalization” and “the use of different fields of discursivity”, specially religious and political discourses, as a means of meaning fixation.
